詞義推斷 三招過關
詞義推斷 三招過關
眾所周知，近年來高考英語閱讀理解題非常重視考查考生分析語境推斷詞義的能力，本文結合2006年高考英語閱讀理解題談談其常見解題方法。下面是小編為您收集整理的詞義推斷、三招過關，供大家參考!
詞義推斷 三招過關
一、弄清人稱演變過程，巧妙推斷代詞意義
高考英語閱讀理解代詞意義判斷題主要考查考生結合語境邏輯推斷人稱代詞、指示代詞和關系代詞意義的能力。人稱代詞主要包括it(可指代動物、無生命事物、特定事件或人)、they(可指代復數(shù)人、動物、物品、事件)、he、 she等。指示代詞主要以this、these、 that、 those為題點，考查考生對特定人/物、事件的再認能力。歷年高考代詞意義判斷題主要出現(xiàn)在人稱轉換頻、動作變換多的語言環(huán)境中，解題時應認真閱讀特定代詞所在句和前后鄰近句，分析人稱轉換和動作變換的詳細過程，弄清其來龍去脈，以便準確理解特定代詞在意義上的替代對象。
例1 (2006年全國卷ⅰ)原文：several years ago we had one timetable that operated throughout, but we soon found that both the students and the teachers lost interest by about halfway through the ten weeks. this led us to a major re-think, so finally we brought it into line with the expressed language needs of the students.
68. the word “it” underlined in the last paragraph refers to “__________”.
a. re-think b. activity
c. motivation d. timetable
析：答案為d。認真閱讀分析該詞所在句及前一句可知，前一句指一張貫徹始終的時間表讓師生們興趣全無，因此應和學生語言學習需要一致起來的正是這一時間表。
例2 (2006年全國卷ⅱ)原文：the chances opened up by trade are vast, she argues, but free markets need the correcting force of politics to keep them in check.
59. what does the word “them” underlined in the last paragraph refer to?
a. free markets.
b. price changes.
c. unexpected connections.
d. chances opened up by trade.
析：答案為a。該詞所在句后半句含義為：但是自由市場需要具有校正功能的政治力量來使它們處于控制之中，可見這兒的them指自由市場。
例3 (2006年陜西)原文：as we have seen, work has to be compared with other values like family life, which often get lost in its interest.
58. in the last paragraph, the underlined word “which” refers to _______.
a. family life b. situations
c. other values d. trends
析：答案為c。認真閱讀分析該詞所在句可知，該詞為定語從句關系代詞，其先行詞為other values，可見which就指代other values。
二、結合原有含義分析所在語境，巧妙推斷熟詞新含義
不少熟詞或詞組在特定語言環(huán)境中產(chǎn)生新含義，這一新含義既來源于原含義又呈現(xiàn)新特點，解題時應將原含義與新語境結合起來綜合考慮，從而準確推斷其語境新含義。
例1 (2006年全國卷ⅰ)原文：i took off, but had gone only a few miles when black smoke poured from the back of my car.
61. the words “took off” underlined in paragraph 2 mean “__________”.
a. turned off b. moved off
c. put up d. set up
析：答案為b。take off原本指“飛機起飛，脫掉衣服”，含有“使……脫離”之意，結合had gone不難發(fā)現(xiàn)took off表示“離開”。
例2 (2006年全國卷ⅱ)原文：in the colorful used-clothing markets of tanzania, she realizes that: “it is only in this final stage of life that the t-shirt will meet a real market,” where the price of a shirt changes by the hour and is different by its size and even color.
58. by saying t-shirts “meet a real market”, rivoli means in tanzania __________.
a. cheaper t-shirts are needed
b. used t-shirts are hard to sell
c. prices of t-shirt rise and fall frequently
d. prices of t-shirts are usually reasonable
析：答案為c。meet a real market本義為“遇到真正的市場”，由后面where the price of a shirt changes by the hour and is different by its size and even color這一解釋性后置定語可知，其新含義為“t恤衫價格頻繁起伏”。
例3 (2006年浙江)原文：the wealth of their owners-and the way they throw money around-may make your son feel sorry for himself, unless you help him understand that you and his dad save some of the money, give some to people who don’t have enough and use the rest to pay for whatever the family needs.
59. by saying “throw money around” (paragraph 5), the author means that rich people _______.
a. spend money carelessly
b. save money for their children
c. help the poor people willingly
d. leave money all round the house
析：答案為a。認真閱讀分析該詞所在句可知，作者要求讀者教育兒子理解自己用錢周濟窮人維持家用的做法，不要為鄰居因為富有而隨意花錢感到難受，可見該詞含義為“隨意花錢”，這與throw money around的本義“到處扔錢”有密切聯(lián)系。
三、認真分析語境邏輯，巧妙推斷生詞含義
生詞詞義判斷題是高考英語閱讀理解詞義判斷題最常見題型，解題時應認真分析語境邏輯，借助因果關系、轉折關系、條件關系、定義解釋、遞進關系、讓步關系、對比關系或并列關系巧妙推斷生詞含義。
例1 (2006年浙江)原文：the following year, he met john ridgway and was hired as an instructor at ridgway’s school of adventure in scotland, where he learned about ridgway’s cold-water exploits. greatly interested, saunders read all he could about north pole explorers and adventures, then decided that this would be his future.
42. the underlined word “exploits” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to ________.
a. journeys b. researches
c. adventures d. operations
析：答案為c。認真閱讀分析該詞所在句及后一句可知，后一句是對主人公搜尋有關該詞信息的描繪，可見該詞與冒險活動有關。
例2 (2006年福建)原文：the schools are reluctant to take time off——even teachers with tickets for the england-argentina game had trouble getting the day off.
59. the underlined word“reluctant”in the passage may probably mean________.
a. kind b. unwilling
c. free d. careless
析：答案為b。分析該詞所在句可知，破折號后面內容意義為：即使擁有英格蘭和阿根廷比賽球票的教師請假出來看比賽也很困難，因此該詞意義為“不情愿的”。
例3 (2006年湖北)原文：we guarantee that you have nothing to lose if it’s not for you; let us know within 6 weeks and we will completely reimburse you.
59. what does the underlined part “reimburse” probably mean?
a. return the money you paid.
b. change the product you bought.
c. offer you a free repair.
d. guarantee you the quality.
析：答案為a。認真閱讀分析該詞所在句可知，前半句表明即使消費者不滿意也不會有任何損失，可見該詞指全額退款。
值得注意的是，有些生詞是熟詞詞性變化詞，但根據(jù)一般構詞法知識難以準確推斷其意義，此時仍應借助語境邏輯進行意義推斷。
例4 (2006年福建)原文：anyone choosing to take up this free service will receive a recorded message directly to their home, business or pager telling them of the level of warning, giving them as much time as possible to carry out their flood plan and save items that cannot be replaced if lost or damaged, such as photographs or children’s favorite toys.
73. what does the underlined word“pager”mean in the passage?
a. a boy employed to carry luggage in hotels.
b. a piece of equipment designed to receive and show messages.
c. a page of papers written to offer messages.
d. a person invited to write pages of messages.
析：答案為b。該詞雖由page + er構成，但無法判斷其準確意義，認真閱讀分析該詞所在句可知，該詞與home, business并列，可見該詞也是可以接受并顯示警告信息的地方或設備。
同學們可以借鑒以上方法，在平時練習中多運用，熟能生巧，提高閱讀題正確率。
快速記單詞的方法有哪些
相信大家都知道音標是學習英語最基礎的一部分，學好音標會讓你今后的英語學習也變得輕松起來。其中最直接的就可以利用音標來方便地記單詞。相信大家都有過這樣的感受，經(jīng)?？匆娔硞€音標就大概可以寫出其對應的單詞拼寫了。相信大家也希望能夠掌握到這一項新的技能，下面就來看看一些老師介紹的方法吧!
1. 首先你需要掌握音標的認讀，準確發(fā)出每一個音，在讀單詞時先通過音標來自己拼讀。
2. 掌握一些單詞中固定拼寫的發(fā)音規(guī)律，比如ea這個組合常常發(fā)長音 [i:] ，因此在背break，tea，speak，weak等詞的時候就可以利用這一發(fā)音現(xiàn)象進行記憶。所以，只需要對ea不發(fā)這個音的時候的情況進行背記。大多數(shù)情況就可以根據(jù)規(guī)則直接拼寫出來。
3. 要知道如何劃分音節(jié)。音節(jié)顧名思義也就是讀音的一個小節(jié)處，也就是讀音的基本單位。一個音節(jié)一定要包含元音音素，有時候也可以是元音音素和輔音音素的組合。舉例來說together[tə'ɡeðə(r)] 這個詞就有三個音節(jié)， 分別是[tə] 對應 to，[ɡe]對應ge ,[ðə(r)] 對應ther。 在讀一個單詞時用小豎線將不同音節(jié)畫下來，對應讀音來記憶單詞會非常有效。