雅思和四六級(jí)相比聽(tīng)力語(yǔ)速差異
雅思和四六級(jí)相比，聽(tīng)力的語(yǔ)速差異到底有多大?學(xué)習(xí)啦在此詳細(xì)對(duì)比一下雅思和四六級(jí)的聽(tīng)力部分。
雅思和四六級(jí)相比聽(tīng)力語(yǔ)速差異有多大
四六級(jí)和雅思的語(yǔ)速對(duì)比
四級(jí)聽(tīng)力原文：
A New Jersey black bear that walks upright on its 2 back legs and has become a social media darling has reemerged and has been captured on video month after its last sighting. The bear named Pedals was spotted in a town of Oakrage, in a video posted to Facebook featuring the bear it appear to be inrelatively good health and was moving quickly. “Pedals apparently hasn’t injured leg or pool that doesn’t allow it to walk comfortably on all fulls.” according to experts. Laurance sportsman of the state for the state department environmental protection said, “Officials expect the bear to make it through next winter. The bear first gained fame after was sported the wondering around neighborhoods and was caught on videos that were posted on social media and showed on national television. Last year, supporters pushed for Pedals to be moved to a shelter. But New Jersey officials have said they won’t allowed the bear to be captured and transferred to the facility. The bear would do better in its natural habitat on the agency would step in if its condition deteriorated they said.(186 單詞 2017年12月卷)
這段內(nèi)容讀完用時(shí)2分12秒
而雅思同樣篇幅的內(nèi)容用了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間呢?
Well, my group has been doing a project on how household waste is recycled in Britain.We were quite shocked to discover that only 9% of people here in the UK make an effort to recycle their household waste. This is a lower figure than in most other European countries, and needs to increase dramatically in the next few years if the government is going to meet its recycling targets.The agreed targets for the UK mean that by 2008 we must reduce our carbon dioxide emissions by 12.5%, compared with 1990. And recycling can help to achieve that goal, in two main ways: the production of recycled glass and paper uses much less energy than producing them from virgin materials, and also recycling reduces greenhouse gas emissions from landfill sites and incineration plants. As part of our project, we carried out a survey of people in the street, and the thing that came up over and over again is that people don’t think it’s easy enough to recycle their waste. One problem is that there aren’t enough ‘drop-off’ sites, that is, the places where the public are supposed to take their waste.We also discovered that waste that’s collected from householders is taken to places called ‘bring banks’, for sorting and baling into loads. (216單詞 劍橋真題C5)
這段內(nèi)容讀完用時(shí)1分15秒
簡(jiǎn)單的公式：1分15秒/ 2分12秒 = 0.57
雅思的聽(tīng)力語(yǔ)速比四六級(jí)的語(yǔ)速快了57%。四六級(jí)的學(xué)生聽(tīng)雅思聽(tīng)力感覺(jué)是rap，而雅思的學(xué)生聽(tīng)四六級(jí)等于0.5倍速的聽(tīng)力播放，就覺(jué)得語(yǔ)速太慢。
雅思聽(tīng)力題干中包含的比較類(lèi)考點(diǎn)
雅思聽(tīng)力選擇題比較考點(diǎn)第一類(lèi)：直接比較
例1 劍7 Test 2 Q 34
A German study showed there was greater ‘mixed handedness’ in musicians who
A started playing instruments in early youth
B play a string instrument such as the violin
C practice a great deal on their instrument
思路透析：題干中包括greater這個(gè)明顯的比較級(jí)，提醒考生們注意的是，在實(shí)際的聽(tīng)力中，比較級(jí)的用詞可以發(fā)生同義轉(zhuǎn)換，但是這種比較關(guān)系的表達(dá)一定在聽(tīng)力文本中是存在的，所以要特別關(guān)注在聽(tīng)力內(nèi)容中比較的表達(dá)方式，答案就在其中。這與填空題是一致的，在填空題中如若發(fā)現(xiàn)比較表達(dá)方式，那我們可以把它當(dāng)特殊關(guān)鍵詞來(lái)對(duì)待，耐心等待聽(tīng)力素材中的比較表達(dá)后即可得到答案。
實(shí)際做題：在實(shí)際做題中，當(dāng)聽(tīng)到Germany study 時(shí)確定做題位置。
原文：keyboard players had high levels of mixed handedness， whereas string players like violinists strongly favored one hand. Also those who started younger were more mixed handed.
解題：從原文中我們不難看出，小提琴演奏者的用手習(xí)慣比較傾向于某一側(cè)。所以排除B。緊接著出現(xiàn)的整句話里出現(xiàn)了兩處比較級(jí)，more mixed handed 與greater mixed handedness 形成同義轉(zhuǎn)換，younger 與選項(xiàng)A中的early youth 對(duì)應(yīng)，所以正確答案為A。
雅思聽(tīng)力選擇題比較考點(diǎn)第二類(lèi)：間接比較
例2 劍3 Test 1 Q 32
According to the speaker， the main cause of back pain in women is
A pregnancy
B osteoporosis
C lack of exercise
思路透析：在審題中發(fā)現(xiàn)有main cause 這樣的間接比較提示詞，那此題很顯然要列出幾個(gè)造成女性背疼的原因，但是要進(jìn)行對(duì)比得出誰(shuí)是主要原因。
實(shí)際做題：聽(tīng)到women 就確定了做題位置。
原文：The majority of our patients at the clinic tend to be women. They are especially vulnerable because of pregnancy but also because of osteoprosis， which I personally believe to be the major cause of problems for women.
解題：在原文中我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)pregnancy 和 osteoprosis 是并列出現(xiàn)的，但是后者緊跟著就是一個(gè)非限定性的定語(yǔ)從句，指出后者是major cause，也就是main cause的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，故答案為B。
雅思聽(tīng)力選擇題比較考點(diǎn)第三類(lèi)：隱含比較
例3 劍3 Test 3 Q 37
Ostrich meat
A has more protein than beef
B Tastes nearly as good as beef
C is very filling
思路透析：雖然題干較短，而且沒(méi)有比較指示詞，但是AB兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)都存在著比較，故此題依然以聽(tīng)比較關(guān)系為重點(diǎn)。
實(shí)際做題：原文：Ostrich meat is slightly higher in protein than beef， and much lower in fats and cholesterol. It tastes good too. A series of European taste tests found that 82% of people prefer ostrich to beef.
解題：其實(shí)答案A 很明顯，幾乎是原詞重現(xiàn)。B錯(cuò)誤的原因是大多數(shù)人們覺(jué)得鴕鳥(niǎo)肉比牛肉好吃，并不是一樣好吃。要注意在比較時(shí)經(jīng)常加入slightly 這樣的副詞來(lái)修飾比較級(jí)。
總結(jié)：其實(shí)我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，在這三類(lèi)雅思聽(tīng)力選擇題比較考點(diǎn)中，第一類(lèi)直接比較的題目還是最容易解答的，只要聽(tīng)準(zhǔn)同樣的比較表達(dá)方式，答案很容易得到;第二類(lèi)間接比較的題目也不是太難，關(guān)鍵在于掌握major，majority，main，mainly等提示詞并注意它們之間互相同意轉(zhuǎn)換即可;第三類(lèi)隱含比較還是比較難的，因?yàn)轭}干里雖然無(wú)比較，但是選項(xiàng)里有比較的特點(diǎn)，而且實(shí)際聽(tīng)力中又容易出現(xiàn)否定詞搭配比較表達(dá)出現(xiàn)的形式，使學(xué)生的反映時(shí)間和速度受到極大的影響，大大降低了解題正確率。請(qǐng)廣大“烤鴨”們一定要耐心總結(jié)，戳穿選擇題中的比較考查特點(diǎn)，做到明明白白，有的放矢!
雅思聽(tīng)力必知的冷知識(shí)點(diǎn)
雅思聽(tīng)力中有很多場(chǎng)景，除了積累這些場(chǎng)景的聽(tīng)力素材外，多拓展一些冷門(mén)知識(shí)點(diǎn)也是很有必要的。
對(duì)中國(guó)學(xué)生而言，到國(guó)外求學(xué)除了能開(kāi)闊眼界，進(jìn)一步了解當(dāng)?shù)氐奈幕惋L(fēng)情，更主要的目的仍是精深自己的學(xué)術(shù)知識(shí)。因此，雅思聽(tīng)力不僅涵蓋了對(duì)生存能力的檢測(cè)，也涉及到了對(duì)學(xué)生各方面學(xué)術(shù)知識(shí)理解能力的考察。
在曾經(jīng)考過(guò)的學(xué)術(shù)場(chǎng)景中，動(dòng)物學(xué)是出現(xiàn)頻率較高的一個(gè)。僅在近期的幾個(gè)月里，動(dòng)物學(xué)場(chǎng)景就出現(xiàn)了四次。通過(guò)對(duì)這些考題的分析，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，動(dòng)物學(xué)場(chǎng)景主要考察的特點(diǎn)為：
陌生的場(chǎng)景單詞一些動(dòng)物學(xué)的場(chǎng)景單詞對(duì)考生而言可能較陌生，例如：
在雅思考試中，考察了非洲鱷魚(yú)(crocodile)的生活情況，談到了沙漠(desert)和濕地(wetland)中鱷魚(yú)如何生存，還談到了鱷魚(yú)的棲息地巖洞(cave)和鱷魚(yú)的遷徙途徑(migration pattern)以及鱷魚(yú)棲息地植被(vegetation)的情況。
在之前的考試中，考察了幾種主要的鯨魚(yú)(whale)，如抹香鯨(sperm whale)，小須鯨(minke whale)，以及這些鯨魚(yú)身體構(gòu)造的區(qū)別。
雅思考試中，談到了對(duì)海洋生物的研究(marine research)以及現(xiàn)在研究的課題是免疫系統(tǒng)(immune system)等。在9月2日的考試中，考察了動(dòng)物化石(fossil)的形成及保護(hù)，出現(xiàn)了像沉淀物(sediment)這樣比較專(zhuān)業(yè)的詞匯。
答案并不陌生雖然出現(xiàn)了較陌生的單詞，但多數(shù)需要填寫(xiě)的答案并非陌生單詞。這個(gè)特點(diǎn)不僅僅出現(xiàn)在動(dòng)物學(xué)場(chǎng)景里，在很多學(xué)術(shù)類(lèi)的場(chǎng)景里都有體現(xiàn)。這就意味著考生完全不必對(duì)這類(lèi)話題產(chǎn)生過(guò)多的恐懼感，也不要因?yàn)槁?tīng)到了一些陌生的單詞，而中途放棄。只要能夠把握住題目所提供的關(guān)鍵信息點(diǎn)，成功做答大多數(shù)的題目仍是很有可能的。
如在上述的幾次考試中，多數(shù)答案為常見(jiàn)詞：exhibition(展覽)，sunlight(陽(yáng)光)，insect(昆蟲(chóng))，procedure (過(guò)程)，soil(土壤)，recorder(錄音機(jī))，data(數(shù)據(jù))，fear(懼怕)，depth(深度)等。
很多學(xué)術(shù)場(chǎng)景，如課程設(shè)置和介紹，學(xué)校設(shè)施的介紹，商業(yè)問(wèn)題研究，學(xué)習(xí)方法等，都不僅僅出現(xiàn)在SECTION4也在SECTION3出現(xiàn)過(guò)，而動(dòng)物學(xué)場(chǎng)景從以往的題目來(lái)看，往往只出現(xiàn)在最后一個(gè)部分，以一個(gè)人的獨(dú)白形式出現(xiàn)。
這樣一來(lái)，考生很有可能在聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中，由于對(duì)動(dòng)物學(xué)背景知識(shí)和某些單詞的不熟悉，更難把握節(jié)奏，這就要求考生在備考的過(guò)程中加大對(duì)相關(guān)詞匯的熟悉度，加強(qiáng)對(duì)大段獨(dú)白語(yǔ)流的練習(xí)。
就題型來(lái)看，動(dòng)物學(xué)場(chǎng)景主要包括了選擇題、填表題和配對(duì)題。其中填表題為主導(dǎo)題型，另外兩種題型比例較少。這就要求考生在平時(shí)仍需注重對(duì)單詞反應(yīng)，記錄速度和拼寫(xiě)這些方面的練習(xí)。
通過(guò)上述簡(jiǎn)要的分析，不難看出動(dòng)物學(xué)場(chǎng)景介紹了一些考生平時(shí)很少關(guān)注的專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)，對(duì)此，特意提醒雅思考生，要充分的擴(kuò)展自己英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)面和閱讀面，充分準(zhǔn)備雅思考試，也為將來(lái)的深造打下良好的學(xué)術(shù)基礎(chǔ)。
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