關(guān)于抑郁癥你了解多少
我們每個(gè)人都有一定程度的抑郁風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。對(duì)于有些人來(lái)說(shuō)，機(jī)會(huì)很小;對(duì)于另一些人來(lái)說(shuō)幾乎不可避免。接下來(lái)，小編給大家準(zhǔn)備了關(guān)于抑郁癥你了解多少,歡迎大家參考與借鑒。
關(guān)于抑郁癥你了解多少
We all have our own vulnerabilities for depression, based on our life experiences, health conditions, substance use, and genetic4 predisposition. A person's risk for becoming depressed at some point in his or her life ranges from low to high, based upon the interaction of all of these factors.
對(duì)于抑郁，我們都有各自的薄弱點(diǎn)，這些可能和人生經(jīng)歷、健康情況、物質(zhì)濫用和遺傳易感性有關(guān)。在這些因素的共同作用下，一個(gè)人一生中的抑郁風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有高有低。
A good general way to think of the factors that lead to depression is with the two-hit hypothesis. This model suggests that people become depressed when the effects of their genetic composition—which itself puts them somewhere on a scale of low-to-high likelihood of eventually developing depression—combine with stressful life experiences.
采取“兩步假設(shè)法”可以從宏觀上了解這些因素是怎樣導(dǎo)致抑郁的。這個(gè)模式認(rèn)為，在基因組成(其本身也對(duì)產(chǎn)生抑郁影響有高低之分)和充滿壓力的生活的共同作用下，人們就抑郁了。
Even those individuals with a low genetic tendency for depression can become depressed when they experience extreme stress. On the other hand, people with strong genetic predispositions may become depressed without experiencing much stress. Naturally, the people with both high stress and strong genetic predispositions are the most likely to have a depressive disorder5.
即便一個(gè)人抑郁的遺傳傾向程度低，但是處于極度壓力下的時(shí)候，這人也會(huì)抑郁;同樣，抑郁的遺傳傾向程度高的那些人，即使沒(méi)處于壓力環(huán)境中，也可能抑郁。自然地，那些高壓力、高(遺傳)基因易感性的人患抑郁癥的可能性最大。
While the two-hit hypothesis is useful conceptually, making predictions for particular individuals is still a challenge. For example, because of their psychological characteristics, people respond to stress in different ways. Plus, the genetics of depression is not as simple as something like eye color.
雖然這“兩步假設(shè)法”理論上行得通，可是要預(yù)測(cè)特定個(gè)體，依然是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。例如，心理特征不同的人對(duì)壓力的反應(yīng)不同。另外，抑郁的基因可不像決定眼睛顏色的基因那么簡(jiǎn)單。
What stressful conditions might contribute to someone developing depression?
有哪些充滿壓力的環(huán)境能讓人們抑郁呢?
emotional or physical abuse, especially when it continues over long periods
身心虐待，尤其是長(zhǎng)期的
sexual abuse
性虐待
emotional and physical neglect
情緒或身體被忽視
chaotic6 home environment
混亂的家庭環(huán)境
chronic7 illnesses, especially during childhood
慢性疾病，尤其是在兒童時(shí)期
substance abuse, including alcoholism
物質(zhì)濫用，包括酗酒
chronic insomnia8 and sleep deprivation9
長(zhǎng)期失眠和睡眠剝奪
How can stress early in life affect mood and brain functioning later on? There are several theoretical possibilities. One is that stress hormones10 influence the development of key areas of the brain related to mood and emotions.
人生早期的壓力對(duì)隨后的情緒、大腦運(yùn)作有何影響?有一些理論對(duì)此進(jìn)行了解釋。其中一個(gè)理論認(rèn)為壓力荷爾蒙會(huì)影響和情緒、情感有關(guān)的關(guān)鍵大腦區(qū)域的發(fā)育。
Is there a depression gene3?
有一種“抑郁基因"嗎?
The genetics of depression are complex and not yet fully11 understood. A single depression gene locus12 has not been found; rather, several sections of the genome have been identified that are associated with a higher probability of having depression.
有關(guān)抑郁的基因研究很復(fù)雜，還沒(méi)有被人們完全了解。尚未找到一個(gè)單一的抑郁基因位點(diǎn);不過(guò)，已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)一些基因組，它們和較易導(dǎo)致抑郁
You are at higher risk for depression if ...
下面的情況出現(xiàn)時(shí)，出現(xiàn)抑郁的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更大......
you have had significant difficulty due to depression in the past
抑郁曾為你帶來(lái)巨大的困擾
depression runs in your family, especially in close blood relatives
有抑郁家史，尤其是近親中
you have been exposed to chronic stressful circumstances
長(zhǎng)期處于壓力大的環(huán)境中
If you think that you are at high risk for depression, you should be alert for early signs of any symptoms of a mood disorder and you should then talk with your mental health specialist about possible treatments. Early treatment can have both short- and long-term benefits.
如果你認(rèn)為自己是以為高抑郁風(fēng)險(xiǎn)者，那么對(duì)任何情緒紊亂的早期癥狀都要警覺(jué)，和心理健康專家探討如何治療。及早治療會(huì)帶來(lái)短期和長(zhǎng)期的好處。
Of course, if you already have severe depressive symptoms, then seek help right away. If you are feeling suicidal, talk with someone about it immediately and consult your doctor, or else get to an emergency room fast.
當(dāng)然，如果你已經(jīng)有嚴(yán)重的抑郁癥狀，那么應(yīng)尋求正確的幫助。如果你感到有自殺傾向，立刻和某個(gè)人說(shuō)一說(shuō)，咨詢你的醫(yī)生，或迅速前往急診室。
Consider, too, the risks of your family and friends. You might play an important role in helping13 them get early treatment to prevent worse symptoms in the future.
同樣，要考慮家人和朋友的抑郁風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。在幫助他們及早治療、預(yù)防惡化的過(guò)程中，你可能會(huì)起到重要的作用。
擴(kuò)展：不景氣時(shí)保住工作的五個(gè)方法
While a recession may not be inevitable1, the economy is showing slowed growth, and this could mean that some companies consider downsizing. Worries about a US recession have many also worrying about their jobs.
雖然也許經(jīng)濟(jì)消退不可避免，但是經(jīng)濟(jì)卻顯示的是增長(zhǎng)放緩，這意味著那些公司在考慮裁員?！?duì)于消退的擔(dān)心也然給許多人對(duì)工作感到擔(dān)心。
You want to make sure that you can keep your job if times get tougher. Below are five things you can do to improve your chances of being kept on.
你希望確保如果時(shí)期艱苦，也能保住工作。以下就是提高在職可能性的五個(gè)方法：
1. Come up with ways to cut costs.想出節(jié)約成本的方法
See areas of waste at your company? Point out practical ways to improve efficiency and cut costs in the workplace. Obviously, now is not the time to ask for a raise. Bonus: If you can see a potential new revenue stream that requires a low (or better yet, no) cost investment, get that going. Someone who is innovative2 at stretching resources is more valuable than someone who does nothing more than consume them.
看見公司存在浪費(fèi)?指出實(shí)際可行的方法來(lái)提高效率并節(jié)減開支。顯然地，現(xiàn)在并不是要求加薪的時(shí)間?！『锰帲喝绻隳馨l(fā)現(xiàn)一條投資少卻是新的收入渠道， 那么就讓這個(gè)想法實(shí)現(xiàn)。 那些在最大化利用資源上更具有創(chuàng)新的人們要比那些無(wú)非只是消耗它們的人們更有價(jià)值。
2. Boost your visibility. 提高可見性
You want to be noticed in a positive way. Make sure you are on time to work, and that you limit your vacation time. Also, if you are making solid contributions, make sure that they are noticed. You don't have to be obnoxious3 about it, but you should make sure that your boss is aware of what you add to the company. You want to be known. The first people fired are those with a negative impression. The next to go are those that are unnoticed and therefore expendable.
你希望人們注意到積極的一面。確保你上班準(zhǔn)時(shí);你還必須限制休假日期。如果你做出了堅(jiān)實(shí)的貢獻(xiàn);確保你被別人注意。你不必對(duì)此不高興;而是應(yīng)該讓老板意識(shí)到你給公司添加的東西。 你希望被人們知道。 被解雇的人是那些消極印象的人。而第二批被解雇的人將會(huì)是那些不被注意從而可以“被犧牲”的人。
3. Go beyond. 多做事
Look for ways to go beyond what you've been told to do. Volunteer for additional tasks. But be careful! Don't volunteer for more than you can handle. You want to be known as a go-getter who gets the job done well.
尋找超出自己工作范圍之外的事情。 自愿去做額外工作。 但是注意!別自愿超過(guò)力所能及的范圍。 你希望人們把你認(rèn)為是一個(gè)能把事情做好的“富有進(jìn)取心的人”。
4. Improve your skill set. 提高你的技能
Are your skills obsolete4? Take extra classes to brush up the latest skills. If career improvement seminars are offered at work, attend them. You want to show your employer that you are still viable5 in the workplace, and that you have the necessary training to continue doing a good job.
你的技能過(guò)時(shí)了嗎? 參加額外班級(jí)來(lái)更新你的技能。如果工作中提供職業(yè)提升班，那么就可以參加。 你希望的是在雇主面前表現(xiàn)出在職場(chǎng)上你依然“有用”， 你接受了繼續(xù)做好工作的必要培訓(xùn)。
5. Watch your attitude. 注意自己的態(tài)度
Now is not the time to complain constantly. If you have constructive6 ways to make the workplace better, present them in a professional manner. Do not whine7 or complain excessively. A reputation as a morale-killer can lose you your job.
現(xiàn)在可不是抱怨不停的時(shí)候。如果你有建設(shè)性方法讓工作場(chǎng)所變得更好，以職業(yè)的方式提出。不要發(fā)牢騷或過(guò)度抱怨。一個(gè)“士氣殺手”的名聲可能讓你失去工作。
And, because there's no guarantee that you will retain your job in a recession, no matter how hard you try, it doesn't hurt to be prepared. On your own time, update your resume. Also, make sure that you are still networking with old bosses, coworkers, and business contacts. Don't wait until you are laid off to keep your contacts and resume fresh. You will get better results if you are prepared ahead of time.
而且，因?yàn)樵诓痪皻鈺r(shí)沒(méi)有保不準(zhǔn)你會(huì)一定不失業(yè)，所以，不論多么努力，做好準(zhǔn)備不會(huì)是壞事。 在自己的時(shí)間內(nèi)，更新建立。同樣，確保和過(guò)去老板、同事、企業(yè)聯(lián)系人有聯(lián)系。 不要等到失業(yè)后再更新聯(lián)系人和簡(jiǎn)歷信息。 如果提前準(zhǔn)備那么結(jié)果會(huì)更好。
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