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如何寫好托福獨(dú)立寫作主題句

時(shí)間: 楚薇20 分享

  如何寫好托福獨(dú)立寫作主題句,這是一個(gè)需要技巧的事情,下面小編就和你聊聊。

       托福獨(dú)立寫作主題句如何練到簡(jiǎn)潔嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)

  幸運(yùn)的是,雖然這是一項(xiàng)考察考生“語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力”的考試,但它并不要求考生在字里行間透露出“文藝”氣息,所有參加這門考試的人都只需要“接地氣的”、“流暢的”、“符合邏輯的”將自己的觀點(diǎn)展示給考官即可獲得可觀的分?jǐn)?shù)。

  基于這樣一個(gè)前提,我們便有了諸多能夠在考場(chǎng)中幫助考生有效地應(yīng)對(duì)獨(dú)立寫作的技巧,這些技巧涵蓋了開(kāi)頭段、中間段、結(jié)尾段、詞句提煉等各個(gè)方面。作為理由段的核心——主題句的寫法,一直以來(lái)都是一個(gè)教學(xué)重點(diǎn)。通過(guò)反思之前的教學(xué)方法,同時(shí)結(jié)合近期在批改作業(yè)及與學(xué)生溝通中所發(fā)現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題,筆者想在此與大家分享一下自己關(guān)于托福獨(dú)立寫作理由段的“主題句”的寫作方法。

  構(gòu)建主題句的最基本的要求應(yīng)該是“不偏離總論點(diǎn)、言簡(jiǎn)意賅、不相互包含和不互為因果”,細(xì)細(xì)探究這些寫作要求,它們其實(shí)是圍繞著“論述邏輯性”、“句子單詞數(shù)”和“說(shuō)服力強(qiáng)弱”而存在的。換言之,只有做到了這三點(diǎn),主題句才算比較好的主題句。嚴(yán)格按照這些要求所寫出來(lái)的主題句,在邏輯維度絕對(duì)是嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)?,能夠讓考官?duì)考生的理解力給予肯定;在篇幅維度一定是簡(jiǎn)潔的,能夠讓考官對(duì)考生的概括力給予肯定;最后,在表述維度必須是多元的,能夠讓考官對(duì)考生的思辨力給予肯定。

  在實(shí)際授課過(guò)程中,將這些要求通過(guò)課件例句和口頭表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)述給學(xué)生的過(guò)程類似于將理工科公式介紹給學(xué)生一樣簡(jiǎn)單,但是如何幫助學(xué)生有效地理解、吸收并運(yùn)用這些“公式”則是一個(gè)比較耗時(shí)費(fèi)力的過(guò)程。主題句沒(méi)寫好的結(jié)果絕對(duì)是災(zāi)難性的,一個(gè)主題句如果不能有效地表達(dá)文意,那么,我們?cè)谑谡n過(guò)程中所介紹的“理由段三成分”根本無(wú)法得到有效的落實(shí),進(jìn)而,整個(gè)理由段的布局和表述都會(huì)受到影響。所以,主題句的教學(xué)應(yīng)當(dāng)獲得更大的關(guān)注度,從“邏輯”、“篇幅”和“表述”三個(gè)維度進(jìn)行主題句的提煉應(yīng)該是一個(gè)比較好的切入點(diǎn)。

  【維度一:主題句的邏輯】

  (1)學(xué)生目標(biāo):能夠根據(jù)題干想出合適的理由,再把理由精準(zhǔn)地表述成句,用理由當(dāng)主題句;

  (2)學(xué)生普遍存在的問(wèn)題:首先,想出的理由不切題、過(guò)于空泛;其次,直接進(jìn)入因果解釋環(huán)節(jié),用原因替代主題句,導(dǎo)致概括性不夠;

  (3)教學(xué)重點(diǎn):托福獨(dú)立寫作的題目涉及的面比較廣,經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、教育、生活都是考生需要面對(duì)的話題,面對(duì)一些自己用中文都不曾思考過(guò)的問(wèn)題的時(shí)候,考生出現(xiàn)思路堵塞也是能理解的。

  可喜的是,現(xiàn)在機(jī)經(jīng)預(yù)測(cè)的準(zhǔn)確度已經(jīng)非常之高,那些在真實(shí)考場(chǎng)中頻現(xiàn)的真題也已經(jīng)被我們解析完畢,相應(yīng)的理由均已被整理、記錄進(jìn)了“理由庫(kù)”。只要把這些理由融入到自己的教學(xué)過(guò)程當(dāng)中,反復(fù)給學(xué)生進(jìn)行講解,帶著他們?nèi)ニ伎?、理解和運(yùn)用這些理由,即便他們考試的時(shí)候遇見(jiàn)的不是原題重現(xiàn)而是近義題重現(xiàn),大多數(shù)學(xué)生也是能夠保證自己使用的理由能夠切題了。當(dāng)然,有同學(xué)擔(dān)心這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題,寫作題目可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)新題,這些理由對(duì)于新題會(huì)不會(huì)不適用。筆者認(rèn)為,但凡能夠跟著老師進(jìn)度來(lái)認(rèn)真思考“理由庫(kù)”的同學(xué),在考試日期到來(lái)之前,想理由的能力絕對(duì)是已經(jīng)得到了大幅提升的,大可不必有這樣的擔(dān)心。因此,只要按照上述思路進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練,想寫出“及格”層次的主題句是沒(méi)有問(wèn)題了。

  例-1

  題目:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most important investment for a big company is to improve the efficiency and proficiency of its employees.

  A同學(xué)想表達(dá)的是“通過(guò)提升員工的效率和熟練度,公司利益會(huì)增加,進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)員工的增收”,但是她的主題句卻寫成了“First, with the economic growth, the goods price increase sharply.”

  【參考例句:In the first place, employees’ working efficiency and proficiency can boost a company’s profits, thus increase employees’ income.】

  例-2

  題目:It is impossible to succeed if one cannot accept criticism in teamwork.

  (1)B同學(xué)的主題句是這么寫的:In the first place, criticism in a team is unavoidable because everyone has his own opinion, it is normal to have some conflict.

  這句話應(yīng)該放到主題句后面的解釋環(huán)節(jié),通過(guò)因果鏈拓展的方式,作為原因來(lái)使用還是比較好的,但是,作為主題句的話,它沒(méi)有在“批評(píng)”和“成功”這二者之間搭建邏輯關(guān)系,使得主題句未能有效概括出相應(yīng)段落的大意。

  【參考例句:In the first place, hearing and accepting rational criticism helps colleagues to form team spirit.】

  (2)同樣,還有一位C同學(xué)是這么寫的:Last but not least, a team may get criticism from outside world. 這個(gè)主題句也沒(méi)有把最核心的論據(jù)思想表達(dá)出來(lái),?個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)可以從外部得到批評(píng),那么,能夠帶來(lái)什么好處呢?C同學(xué)并沒(méi)有說(shuō)明。這句話,如果放到后面的解釋環(huán)節(jié)來(lái)使用,也是可以的,但是,作為主題句,一定需要在“從外部接受批評(píng)”和“獲得成功”之間搭建邏輯關(guān)系,整合出一個(gè)概括性較強(qiáng)的句子才行。

  【參考例句:Last but not least, a willingness to accept criticism enables people to obtain more useful information.】

  【維度二:主題句的篇幅】

  (1)學(xué)生目標(biāo):提升概括能力,嚴(yán)格控制主題句的篇幅;

  (2)學(xué)生普遍存在的問(wèn)題:一個(gè)主題句寫了兩到三行(30~40個(gè)單詞);

  (3)教學(xué)重點(diǎn):要提升學(xué)生的概括能力,用高端詞匯來(lái)替代短語(yǔ)的做法絕非高效高質(zhì)的做法,只會(huì)導(dǎo)致曲高和寡的結(jié)果。

  其實(shí)大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文的撰寫過(guò)程已經(jīng)為我們鍛煉學(xué)生的概括能力提供了思路,眾所周知,每篇論文都有一篇摘要,而摘要下方必然存在若干“關(guān)鍵詞”,這些“關(guān)鍵詞”就是關(guān)鍵所在。我們?cè)谝龑?dǎo)學(xué)生根據(jù)題目來(lái)思考、表達(dá)了“理由”之后,如果學(xué)生表達(dá)的句子太長(zhǎng),我們完全可以要求學(xué)生用一到兩個(gè)單詞對(duì)這個(gè)長(zhǎng)句進(jìn)行概括,然后,再要求學(xué)生圍繞自己概括出的單詞進(jìn)行主題句的再次表述。通過(guò)一段時(shí)間的練習(xí),學(xué)生的概括能力必然會(huì)得到提升。核心點(diǎn)在于通過(guò)運(yùn)用“因果關(guān)系”對(duì)這些“關(guān)鍵詞”進(jìn)行整合。

  例-1

  題目:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most important investment for a big company is to improve the efficiency and proficiency of its employees.

  針對(duì)這道題目,D同學(xué)想出來(lái)的理由還是不錯(cuò)的,他想表達(dá)的是“一個(gè)公司員工的工作效率和熟練度對(duì)這個(gè)公司的產(chǎn)出和收益有很大的推動(dòng)作用”,但是,具體轉(zhuǎn)述為主題句之后,他寫成了“How large the profit will be made by a company mostly depends on the output and the most significant method to enlarge the output is obviously to enhance the efficiency and proficiency of the workers.”(35個(gè)單詞)

  分析:對(duì)D同學(xué)所表達(dá)的主題句進(jìn)行二次分析,他很輕松地就找出了這個(gè)句子的核心詞,即“efficiency and proficiency”和“output and profit”。通過(guò)不到三分鐘的思考,他圍繞這幾個(gè)單詞進(jìn)行因果關(guān)系的轉(zhuǎn)述,再度寫出來(lái)的主題句如下:To begin with, efficiency and proficiency can improve a company’s output and profit.(13個(gè)單詞,精簡(jiǎn)了22個(gè)單詞,語(yǔ)義更加精煉。)

  例-2

  題目:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It’s better to choose a university whose graduates have good job opportunities than a university who has famous professors.

  E同學(xué)的主題句是這樣寫的:One of the main reasons that I consider a university whose graduates have a good job opportunity is a better choice is that job can guarantee our future.(28個(gè)單詞)

  分析:通過(guò)再次分析她的主題句,D同學(xué)進(jìn)行了關(guān)鍵詞的提取,即“good job opportunities”和“future”,其它的內(nèi)容均可進(jìn)行適當(dāng)削減。經(jīng)過(guò)思考,她通過(guò)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)述,再次表達(dá)出的主題句如下:Firstly, good job opportunities usually guarantee a promising future.(9個(gè)單詞,精簡(jiǎn)了19個(gè)單詞,主題句更加開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山。)

  【維度三:主題句的表述】

  (1)學(xué)生目標(biāo):通過(guò)主題句體現(xiàn)句式多樣性;

  (2)學(xué)生普遍存在的問(wèn)題:

  (3)教學(xué)重點(diǎn):授課老師需要結(jié)合近年來(lái)的所有機(jī)經(jīng)真題進(jìn)行主題句練習(xí)的設(shè)計(jì),在課程內(nèi)容進(jìn)入到主題句講解之后,分批次將這些題目布置給學(xué)生操練,一個(gè)月的練習(xí)時(shí)間為宜。

  題目:It’s better to choose a university whose graduates have good job opportunities than a university who has famous professors.

  分析:E同學(xué)的主題句是這么寫的,“In the first place, famous professors can provide students with a better education.”就這個(gè)句子本身而言,已經(jīng)合格,但是,考慮到托福獨(dú)立寫作的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一“Sentence Variety”,我們完全有理由教會(huì)學(xué)生在主題句上做足“句式多樣性”的文章。將上述主題句發(fā)給另外一個(gè)經(jīng)過(guò)近一個(gè)月寫作訓(xùn)練的同學(xué)進(jìn)行詞句提升,一分鐘即寫了三個(gè)相關(guān)主題句出來(lái),如下:

  1. It is illustrious professors that provide students with better education;

  2. Illustrious professors are so decisive when they come to providing students with better education;

  3. Hardly can students expect to obtain better education without illustrious professors. 這已完全符合“邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)”、“言簡(jiǎn)意賅”和“句式多樣”的要求。

  注:設(shè)計(jì)題目和學(xué)生配合練習(xí)是關(guān)鍵,建議在開(kāi)課之后即進(jìn)行寫作學(xué)習(xí)規(guī)劃,要細(xì)致到每一天,按照上述三個(gè)維度,分階段推進(jìn)。

  托福寫作之如何寫一個(gè)topic sentence(主題句)

  所謂主題句(topic sentence, 也有人叫它中心句),就是獨(dú)立寫作主體段中統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全文的那個(gè)句子,也就是表述在獨(dú)立寫作頭腦風(fēng)暴和謀篇布局時(shí)候想到的“主要理由”或者“論點(diǎn)”的那個(gè)句子。通常一篇獨(dú)立寫作有三個(gè)主題句。

  例如在題目“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is betterto work in large companies than in small ones.”,選擇agree,三個(gè)主題句可以是:

  The first reason is that a large company can provide more opportunities to develop one’s ability

  Another reason for choosing a big company involves welfare.

  A third reason is that one who appreciates the unique culture of abig enterprise will become a more responsible person to the society.

  在托福寫作中,三個(gè)主題句可以說(shuō)是作文中最重要的一組句子,因?yàn)橹黝}句對(duì)段落起到“提綱挈領(lǐng)”的作用,同時(shí)對(duì)整篇文章的結(jié)構(gòu)清晰度和文章邏輯性也至關(guān)重要。

  如何將這個(gè)理由“完整”“清晰”“出彩”的表達(dá)出來(lái)就是本文討論的話題。

  首先,每段主題句通常都位于段首,緊跟于“first, second, third”這些“信號(hào)詞”之后。除此之外還需要注意以下幾點(diǎn)。

  丨簡(jiǎn)明扼要

  主題句需要讓讀者看到之后能夠快速、準(zhǔn)確地把握本段的主要內(nèi)容。這要求我們?cè)趯懼黝}句的時(shí)候,一方面內(nèi)容要簡(jiǎn)單,另一方面用語(yǔ)要凝練。

  先來(lái)看一個(gè)反面例子:

  “First and foremost, television, invented in the last century, withits wide availability and increasingly prosperous programs ,becomes one of the most powerful means of communication in history, and is more and more difficult to ignore”

  這個(gè)主題句涵蓋的內(nèi)容太多,讀完這個(gè)句子,讀者根本不明白本段是要陳述電視節(jié)目蓬勃發(fā)展(increasingly prosperous program), 要強(qiáng)調(diào)電視是最強(qiáng)力的交流工具(the most powerful means of communication in history),還是要論證電視不可被忽視(difficult to ignore),這就是一個(gè)典型的內(nèi)容太復(fù)雜的主題句。

  再看一個(gè)反例:

  “First of all, following the new customs can show a sense of respect,which can allow a better and faster adaption inside the local population so that they make more friends.”

  這個(gè)句子也有兩個(gè)論點(diǎn):表示尊重(show a sense of respect),擴(kuò)大社交(make more friends),同樣也使讀者不能抓住本段的主要內(nèi)容。

  如何避免這種錯(cuò)誤,使主題句內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)單呢?很簡(jiǎn)單,首先做到每個(gè)主題句有且只有一個(gè)論點(diǎn)。論點(diǎn)就是指我們頭腦風(fēng)暴時(shí)候想到的那些“key words”,比如健康,安全,情感等等,每段寫一個(gè),不要把健康和安全放在同一個(gè)段落,也不要把情感和成功放在同一個(gè)段落。

  例如上面第二個(gè)例子,我們只需要?jiǎng)h去一個(gè)論點(diǎn),就可以變得非常簡(jiǎn)潔:

  “To start with, accepting cultures in the foreign country is an indispensable element that contributes to the expansion of social circle.”這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)潔的主題句,只有擴(kuò)大社交(contributes to the expansion of social circle)這一個(gè)論點(diǎn)。

  論點(diǎn)唯一還不一定能完全做到簡(jiǎn)潔,來(lái)看另一個(gè)反例:

  “The first reason why letting children care for animals isnot the best way to teach them about responsibility is that it could negatively impact a child’s health.”

  這句話雖然只有一個(gè)論點(diǎn),可是用語(yǔ)太繁雜,讓人頭暈。主題句的語(yǔ)法不建議太復(fù)雜,建議大家把花式操作留到其他部分去秀,在主題句,只要寫一些簡(jiǎn)單句,例如:“First, raising pets will exert a negative impact on a child’shealth.”就行了。

  丨不是陳述事實(shí)

  來(lái)看下面兩個(gè)句子:

  A: “First, some children might be infected by feeding animals.”

  B: “First, raising pets could negatively impact a child’s health.”

  哪一個(gè)是好的主題句呢?

  答案是B。

  因?yàn)锳句的內(nèi)容是一個(gè)“純粹的事實(shí)”,而B句則是“抽象的概念”(exert negative impact),換言之,A句可以作為B句的例子,但B句不能作為A句的例子。

  陳述事實(shí)的句子是不能作為主題句的,事實(shí)是不言自明的。不言自明,也就不需要后面的文字來(lái)“論證”了。主題句需要寫“a sentence that you could give examples for”,而不能寫一個(gè) “example”。

  來(lái)練習(xí)判斷下面幾組句子中哪一個(gè)可以做主題句呢?

  A: “Second, the academic performance of some children becomes poor after they are responsible for caring for a pet.”

  B:“Second, caring for a pet could disrupt a child’s regular studies.”

  A: “First, people could learn how to communicate with eachother through participating in community activities”

  B: “First, participating in community activities is apractical and effective approach to enhance their social skills.”

  A: “First, letting children take care of animal is a good suggestion for the reason that kids like animals.”

  B: “To start with, raising pets fill friendship vacuums and satisfy people’s need to nurture"

  (答案:三組都是B句較好)

  丨使用高級(jí)詞匯

  很多同學(xué)要問(wèn),如果主題句中不建議使用復(fù)雜句型,又不能出現(xiàn)多層結(jié)構(gòu),那如何顯示自己的語(yǔ)言功力呢?要知道我們展示語(yǔ)言能力的地方并非只有復(fù)雜的句型,豐富和精準(zhǔn)的詞匯使用,同樣可以展示英語(yǔ)的專業(yè)程度。比如

  “First, go to museums can teach people different kinds of knowledge”

  → “First, visiting museums provide people with an opportunity to comprehend a vast amount of knowledge”

  想想看,如果原本句子中只會(huì)寫“good”之處,替換為“advantageous, beneficial, effective, efficacious, favorable,invaluable, rewarding, unparalleled, unprecedented”等等詞匯,效果是不是更好呢?如果多次出現(xiàn)“important”的地方,改寫為“central, critical ,crucial, decisive, essential, pivotal, primary,principal, vital,a key to, an indispensable part, play a pivotal role, attach great importance to”會(huì)不會(huì)增加可讀性呢?

  在平時(shí)的閱讀中,注意積累一些“高級(jí)詞匯”,準(zhǔn)確掌握詞義,并且刻意練習(xí)使用這些詞匯,逐漸就會(huì)取得不錯(cuò)的寫作成績(jī)。

  托福獨(dú)立寫作三大類別介紹

  1、簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)明文 Explanation

  結(jié)構(gòu):

  首段:背景介紹(Back Information),引出話題,提出主旨,即主題句(Thesis Statement)

  教師指導(dǎo)托福獨(dú)立寫作三大類別詳解

  主體段:Supporting,即列出理由和引用具體例子來(lái)進(jìn)行說(shuō)理論述。

  例:

  In general, people are living longer now. Discuss the causes of this phenomenon. Use specific reasons and details to develop your essay.

  分析:

  首段可以提出人們?nèi)缃衿骄鶋勖^之前有了大幅度的上漲,引出主要內(nèi)容,提出自己的觀點(diǎn)。

  中間段,可以分成來(lái)說(shuō)明這個(gè)現(xiàn)象的具體原因,如:人們飲食條件的提升,不再存在吃不飽的情況,而且飲食也越來(lái)越科學(xué)越來(lái)越方便;醫(yī)療技術(shù)也越來(lái)越發(fā)達(dá),醫(yī)治不及導(dǎo)致死亡的情況減少;經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)比較穩(wěn)定。

  句型:

  Among various factors that …… are A, B and C.

  A is a very important factor.

  Equally important is the ……

  Matching A and B is another essential factor ,C.

  注意:

  主題句要注意盡量不要只使用抽象名詞,而且用詞、時(shí)態(tài)要注意,主題句應(yīng)該值得解釋、值得證明。

  2、對(duì)比對(duì)照說(shuō)明文 Compare and Contrast:

  結(jié)構(gòu):

  首段同簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)明文,包括背景信息和主旨的介紹。

  主體段則是進(jìn)行對(duì)比對(duì)照(Compare and Contrast),同一事物的不同方面或者是同一方面的不同事物等。注意條例一定要清楚。

  結(jié)尾重申觀點(diǎn),結(jié)論。

  句型:

  Somebody assert that B is better than A. However, I want to reason that A is better than B.

  對(duì)比對(duì)照排列順序(兩種方法):

  a) A三對(duì)一錯(cuò),B三錯(cuò)一對(duì)

  b) A三對(duì)B一對(duì),B三錯(cuò)A一錯(cuò)

  注意:

  順序很重要!結(jié)論不重要

  3 立論文 Argumentation

  結(jié)構(gòu):

  要注意的一點(diǎn)是,這類作文的立場(chǎng)可能不只一個(gè),不能以對(duì)錯(cuò)來(lái)判斷。

  首段:介紹文章的背景信息,提出自己的觀點(diǎn)和看法。

  第二段,具體闡述自己的觀點(diǎn),通過(guò)一些事例的引用和論證。

  第三段,駁論,反駁與自己相反的觀點(diǎn)。

  結(jié)尾,做出總結(jié),重述自己的立場(chǎng)。

  注意:

  Argumentation是以讀者為導(dǎo)向的,有時(shí)候順序、結(jié)論并不重要,說(shuō)服重于表達(dá)。

  托福獨(dú)立寫作范文解析

  Do you agree or disagree:All university students should be required to take basic science courses even if they are not in the career goal.

  題型分類:絕對(duì)題+應(yīng)不應(yīng)該題

  論證角度:利弊分析

  觀點(diǎn)選擇:讓步

  開(kāi)頭:同意所有的大學(xué)生都應(yīng)該學(xué)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)的科學(xué)課。(話題引入+他人觀點(diǎn)+明確立場(chǎng)+過(guò)渡)

  In general, all university courses can be divided into two kinds: liberal arts and science, which both serve as an impetus to the development of society. Lately, an interesting discussion has arisen about whether all university students should be required to take basic science courses even if they are not in the career goal. From my perspective, I am a big fan of science and I fully advocate that basic science courses are a necessity for every university student. My reasons and examples are as follows. (86 words)

  中間段1:科學(xué)是社會(huì)發(fā)展的第一推動(dòng)力,學(xué)理科的學(xué)生學(xué)基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)課可以打好基礎(chǔ),學(xué)文科的學(xué)生有基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)知識(shí)今后更有優(yōu)勢(shì)。(主題句+說(shuō)理論證+細(xì)節(jié)例子)

  Firstly, it is no denying that science is the primary productive force. From the past to present, numerous cases have proved that our world’s rapid development is based on the remarkable progress of science and technology. University students, whatever their majors are, will benefit a lot from the basic science courses they have taken. Students of science can certainly enhance their foundation of scientific knowledge and those who study liberal arts will be advantageous in job market if they also have a basic understanding of science. In modern society, almost all individuals who change the world have been under the influence of science and technology in university, such as Steve jobs, Zuckerberg and Jack Ma. (115 words)

  中間段2:在基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)課上所培養(yǎng)的邏輯思維、實(shí)驗(yàn)精神對(duì)今后工作有重要的影響。(主題句+說(shuō)理論證+細(xì)節(jié)例子)

  Besides, what students learned in basic science courses will exert positive influence on their future careers. These valuable assets they can amass in science courses are logical thinking, analytical skills, the spirit to question authority and the emphasis on experiments. In fact, these qualities are an essential guarantee of high working efficiency, whatever the work is. Look at this counter example. If one has never been exposed to any science courses, he must lack the awareness of doing experiments. Thus, in the work, he is likely to put any idea he thinks of into practice without testing its feasibility, which will obviously bring harms to his work. (107 words)

  讓步段:誠(chéng)然,題目中的說(shuō)法確實(shí)顯得有些絕對(duì),因?yàn)橛幸徊糠治目茖W(xué)生,學(xué)習(xí)能力差,本專業(yè)課還沒(méi)有學(xué)到家的,強(qiáng)硬讓他們學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)課,是不合適的。但可以加適量的基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)課到教學(xué)計(jì)劃中。(承認(rèn)漏洞+堵漏)

  Admittedly, the statement that all students should be required to study basic science courses appears arbitrary and unilateral, because it is not appropriate to make basic science courses mandatory for some liberal-arts students who even have difficulties in their own majors. However, in light of the significance of scientific literacy, school authorities can add a proper number of basic science courses into the teaching schedule and make them optional for those weak in study. (74)

  結(jié)尾:重申觀點(diǎn)+歸納理由/升華主題

  In conclusion, basic science courses are the foundation of anyone who wants to survive in this highly competitive modern world. If you do not want to regret in the future, seize the present and participate in some basic science courses in university because you never know something you have learnt in the course will be a great helper to your future career. (62 words)



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