英文語(yǔ)法大全
我們來(lái)看看動(dòng)詞的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法，來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)一下巧用動(dòng)詞的方法。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的英文語(yǔ)法講解，供大家參閱!
英文語(yǔ)法講解：動(dòng)詞的不定式
動(dòng)詞不定式及其短語(yǔ)還可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)，雖然動(dòng)詞不定式在語(yǔ)法上沒(méi)有表面上的直接主語(yǔ)，但它表達(dá)的意義是動(dòng)作，這一動(dòng)作一定由使動(dòng)者發(fā)出。這一使動(dòng)者我們稱(chēng)之為 邏輯主語(yǔ)，其形式如下：
(1)語(yǔ)態(tài)
如果動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。如：
It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.(不定式作主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)to be invited是被邀請(qǐng))
It was impossible for lost time to be made up.(不定式作主語(yǔ))
I wish to be sent to work in the country.(不定式作賓語(yǔ))
Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?(不定式作定語(yǔ))
He went to the hospital to be examined.(不定式作狀語(yǔ))
在There be結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語(yǔ)的不定式可用被動(dòng)，也可用主動(dòng)。如：There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有時(shí)兩種形式表達(dá)的意思不同，如：There is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)
(2)時(shí)態(tài)
1) 現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示的動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后。
He seems to know this.
I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再見(jiàn)到你。
2) 完成時(shí)：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
He seems to have caught a cold.
3) 進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。
He seems to be eating something.
4) 完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：
She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.
一般在情緒后加to do to do 也表將來(lái)
編輯本段疑問(wèn)詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)疑問(wèn)詞who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表 語(yǔ)等。如：
?、賅hen to leave for London has not been decided yet. (不定式在句子中做主語(yǔ))
?、贛r. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there. (不定式在句子中做賓語(yǔ))
③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. (不定式在句子中做直接賓語(yǔ))
?、躎he question was where to get the medicine needed. (不定式在句子中表語(yǔ))
以上例句中疑問(wèn)詞+不定式部分，均可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的從句形式。如：①When we shall leave…③…how I
could learn…
經(jīng)常在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中使用的動(dòng)詞有：consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等。
語(yǔ)法功能一、作主語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)，其位置有以下兩種：
(1)把不定式置于句首。如：
To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
(2)用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：
?、買(mǎi)t+be+名詞+to do
It's our duty to take good care of the old.
②It takes sb+some time+to do
How long did it take you to finish the work?
?、跧t+be+形容詞+for sb+to do
It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an h
It is stupid of you to write down everything (that) the teacher says.
④It seems(appears)+形容詞+to do
It seemed impossible to save money.
在句型③中，常用表示客觀情況的形容詞，如：difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等;在句型④中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示贊揚(yáng)或批評(píng)的詞。在不定式前的sb，可看作其邏輯主語(yǔ)。這一句式有時(shí)相當(dāng)于Sb is+形容詞+to do句式 ，如：It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to helpme with my English.
(3)舉例
(1) It's easy (for me) to do that.我做這事太容易了
easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough
It's so nice to hear your voice.
聽(tīng)到你的聲音真高興。
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
當(dāng)你不用車(chē)的時(shí)候，鎖車(chē)是有必要的。
(2) It's very kind of him to help us. 他幫助我們，他真好。
Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考慮周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)
例句:
It was silly of us to believe him. 我們真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不給他們?nèi)魏螙|西，這顯得太自私了。
注意：(1) 其他系動(dòng)詞如，look，appear等也可用于此句型
(2) 不定式作為句子成分時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
(3) 當(dāng)不定式作主語(yǔ)的句子中又有一個(gè)不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用It is… to…的句型
(對(duì))To see is to believe. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。
(錯(cuò))It is to believe to see.
英文語(yǔ)法講解：動(dòng)名詞與不定式的區(qū)別
1) 動(dòng)名詞與不定式的區(qū)別：
動(dòng)名詞表達(dá)的是： 狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)，心境，抽象，經(jīng)常性，已發(fā)生的
不定式表達(dá)的是： 目的，結(jié)果，原因，具體，一次性，將發(fā)生的
2) 接不定式或動(dòng)名詞，意義相同。
3) 動(dòng)名詞與不定式語(yǔ)義不同的有11 組：
1 stop to do stop doing
2 forget to do forget doing
3 remember to do remember doing
4 regret to do regret doing
5 cease to do cease doing
6 try to do try doing
7 go on to do go on doing
8 afraid to do afraid doing
9 interested to do interested doing
10 mean to do mean doing
11 begin/ start to do begin/ start doing
英文語(yǔ)法講解：延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式以及動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)程的長(zhǎng)短，可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
1. 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
也有人叫它持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，它表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作可以長(zhǎng)時(shí)間延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久的影響。英語(yǔ)中的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞比較多，如study, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
He worked all day in the fields. 他在地里干了一天。
I waited for you for an hour. 我等你等了一個(gè)鐘頭。
He stayed in London for over a month. 他在倫敦待了一個(gè)多月。
He watched them eating. 他瞧著他們吃飯。
2. 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也有人叫它終止性動(dòng)詞、短暫性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞，它表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有begin, buy, close, come, die, fail, find, finish, go, join, kill, leave, lend, lose, sell, start, stop, borrow等。如：
They reached the village in the afternoon. 下午他們抵達(dá)那個(gè)村子。
I haven't finished the work yet. 這項(xiàng)工作我還沒(méi)有干完。
She stood up and left the room. 她站起身走出房去。
3. 與完成時(shí)連用
有的人認(rèn)為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，你也這樣認(rèn)為嗎?錯(cuò)了!其實(shí)這是一種誤解。事實(shí)上，無(wú)論是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞還是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，它們都可以與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。如：
He has lived here for ten 10 years. 他在這里住了10年了。
He has just arrived. 他剛剛到達(dá)。
上面兩句的謂語(yǔ)都用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，但第一句中的動(dòng)詞live是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而第二句中的動(dòng)詞arrive為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。兩者真正不同的是，延續(xù)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)需要可以連用一段時(shí)間，而非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞通常不能連用一段時(shí)間，所以第一句中的live可以連用一段時(shí)間for ten years，第二句中的arrive則不可以連用類(lèi)似for ten years這樣的一段時(shí)間。
4. 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的如何變?yōu)檠永m(xù)性動(dòng)詞
非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞由于它所表示的動(dòng)作只在瞬間完成，不能延續(xù)，所以它不能與一段時(shí)間連用，若在實(shí)際語(yǔ)境中需要連用一段時(shí)間，則應(yīng)改為與之同義的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：
begin / start→be on die→be dead come / go→be in
borrow→keep finish→be over leave→be away
buy→have get to know→know join→be in / be a member of
請(qǐng)看下面的例句子：
運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)已經(jīng)開(kāi)了三天了。
誤：The sports meeting has begun for three days.
正：The sports meeting has been on for three days.
他入黨10年了。
誤：He has joined the Party for 10 years.
正：He has been in the Party for 10 years.
正：He has been a Party member for 10 years.
他死了三年了。
誤：He has died for three years.
正：He has been dead for three years.
5. 在否定句中的用法
非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與一段時(shí)間連用，這通常只限于肯定句，在否定句中則沒(méi)有這樣的限制——因?yàn)樗械姆茄永m(xù)性動(dòng)詞一旦被否定，就成了一種狀態(tài)，而所有的狀態(tài)都是可以持續(xù)的。如leave(離開(kāi))是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而not leave(沒(méi)有離開(kāi))則是一種狀態(tài)，因?yàn)?ldquo;沒(méi)有離開(kāi)”其實(shí)就是“呆在原處”，相當(dāng)于still stay there之類(lèi)的意思，所以它是延續(xù)了。如：
誤：He has left here for three years. 他離開(kāi)這兒有三年了。
正：He hasn't left here for three years. 他已有三年沒(méi)離開(kāi)這兒了。
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