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高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全

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高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全

  還記得高中的時(shí)候都學(xué)過哪些語(yǔ)法嗎?英語(yǔ)老師強(qiáng)調(diào)掌握的是?下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法,供大家參閱!

  高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法:倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)

  同學(xué)們很容易混淆的是全部倒裝與部分倒裝。如何區(qū)分之,編個(gè)順口溜:副(adv.)介(prep.)提前全倒裝,其它句式部分倒;否定提前倒助動(dòng),讓步狀語(yǔ)倒表語(yǔ);復(fù)合句式倒主句,不倒裝的屬特殊。

  下面舉例說明:

  A、Here comes the bus.(副詞提前,全倒裝)

  B、Here he comes.(代詞作主語(yǔ),不倒裝)

  C、In front of the house lies a garden.(介詞短語(yǔ)提前,全倒裝)

  D、Never shall I do this again.(否定詞提前,部分倒裝)

  E、Young as he is ,he knows a lot.(讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)倒裝)

  F、Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.(only 修飾狀語(yǔ),主句倒裝)

  G、Only he can save the patient.(only修飾主語(yǔ).不倒裝)

  H、Not only will help be given to people,but also medical treatment will be provided.(否定詞提前,部分倒裝)

  I、Not only he but also we like sports.(連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ),不倒裝)

  高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法:引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句的what

  1. 表特指

  所謂表特指,就是說此時(shí)的what 在用法上大致相當(dāng)于the。如:

  What money I have will be yours when I die. = The money I have will be yours when I die. 我一死我的錢就都給你。

  What possessions I have are yours.=The possessions I have are yours. 我的所有的財(cái)產(chǎn)都是你的。

  2. 表“微量”

  有時(shí)不僅表特指,而且還表“微量”,即含有“量不多”之意。如果將“特指”和“微量”結(jié)合起來(lái),該結(jié)構(gòu)的意思就是“雖不多,但全部”,有時(shí)可譯為“僅有”。如:

  What ideas he has are his wife’s. 他僅有的一點(diǎn)想法都是他妻子的。

  What friends she has are out of the country. 她有的那些朋友全在國(guó)外。

  這類“what+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)并不是總具有“微量性”,即有時(shí)有,有時(shí)沒有。如果要想明確或強(qiáng)化這種微量性特點(diǎn),我們可以該結(jié)構(gòu)的名詞前加上表示微量的修飾語(yǔ)few(用于復(fù)數(shù)名詞前)或little(用于不可數(shù)名詞前)。如:

  What few friends she has are out of the country.=The few friends she has are out of the country. 她僅有的幾個(gè)朋友都在國(guó)外。

  What little free time he had was spent with the family.= The little free time he had was spent with the family. 他僅有的一點(diǎn)空余時(shí)間都是與家人在一起度過的。

  高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法:主謂一致

  一.概念

  主謂一致是指:

  1) 語(yǔ)法形式上要一致,即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語(yǔ)要一致。

  2) 意義上要一致,即主語(yǔ)意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。

  3) 就近原則,即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ),

  一般來(lái)說,不可數(shù)名詞用動(dòng)詞單數(shù),可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)。例如:

  There is much water in the thermos.

  但當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:

  Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.

  二.相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講

  1.并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù),例如:

  Reading and writing are very important. 讀寫很重要。

  注意:當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由and連結(jié)時(shí),如果它表示一個(gè)單一的概念,即指同一人或同一物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),and 此時(shí)連接的兩個(gè)詞前只有一個(gè)冠詞。例如:

  The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 鋼鐵工業(yè)對(duì)我們的生活有重要意義。

  典型例題

  The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.

  A. is B. was C. are D. were

  答案B. 注: 先從時(shí)態(tài)上考慮。這是過去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用過去時(shí),先排除A.,C。本題易誤選D,因?yàn)門he League secretary and monitor 好象是兩個(gè)人,但仔細(xì)辨別,monitor 前沒有the,在英語(yǔ)中,當(dāng)一人兼數(shù)職時(shí)只在第一個(gè)職務(wù)前加定冠詞。后面的職務(wù)用and 相連。這樣本題主語(yǔ)為一個(gè)人,所以應(yīng)選B。

  2. 主謂一致中的靠近原則

  1)當(dāng)there be 句型的主語(yǔ)是一系列事物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。例如:

  There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支筆、一把小刀和幾本書。

  There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十個(gè)男孩,二十三個(gè)女孩。

  2)當(dāng)either... or... 與neither... nor,連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引導(dǎo),而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)通常也和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致。例如:

  Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。

  Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 給你筆、信封和紙。

  3.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致

  當(dāng)主語(yǔ)有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞組成的短語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)部分一致。例如:

  The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教師和一些學(xué)生在參觀工廠。

  He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去劃船。

  4. 謂語(yǔ)需用單數(shù)的情況

  1)代詞each以及由every, some, no, any等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),或主語(yǔ)中含有each, every時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)需用單數(shù)。例如:

  Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我們每人都有錄音機(jī)。

  There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表壞了。

  2)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是一本書或一條格言時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。例如:

  The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜譚》是英語(yǔ)愛好者熟悉的一本書。

  3)表示金錢,時(shí)間,價(jià)格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),通常把這些名詞看作一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)。例如:

  Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三個(gè)星期來(lái)做準(zhǔn)備。

  Ten yuan is enough. 十元夠了。

  5.指代意義決定謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)

  1)代詞what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。例如:

  All is right.一切順利。

  All are present.人都到齊了。

  2)集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的意思來(lái)決定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等詞后,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)集體中的各個(gè)成員,用單數(shù)時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)該集體的整體。例如:

  His family isn't very large. 他家成員不多。

  His family are music lovers.他家個(gè)個(gè)都是音樂愛好者。

  但集合名詞people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:

  Are there any police around? 附近有警察嗎?

  3)有些名詞,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有時(shí)看作單數(shù),有時(shí)看作復(fù)數(shù)。例如:

  A number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。

  The number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。

  A number of books have lent out.

  The majority of the students like English.

  6.與后接名詞或代詞保持一致的情況

  1)用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與of后面的名詞/代詞保持一致。例如:

  Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的錢化在書上了。

  Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分學(xué)生積極參與體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。

  2)用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。例如: A series of accidents has been reported. 媒體報(bào)道了一連串的事故。

  A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 爐邊有一堆木柴。

  3)如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由more than... of 作主語(yǔ)時(shí),動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。例如:

  Many a person has read the novel.許多人讀過這本書。

  More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的學(xué)生來(lái)自這個(gè)城市。

  

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