mba英語語法知識
mba英語語法知識
只需幾步，就能輕松搞定mba英語語法。下面是學習啦小編給大家整理的mba英語語法，供大家參閱!
mba英語語法：時態(tài)
一、一般現(xiàn)在時
一般現(xiàn)在時通常表示習慣動作、一般狀態(tài)、客觀規(guī)律和永恒真理。如主語為第三人稱單數(shù), 動詞后需加s或es。
He always gets up late on Sundays.(習慣動作)
He lives on a lonely island in the Pacific Ocean.(一般狀態(tài))
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. (客觀規(guī)律)
[提示]
在以等引導的時間狀語從句中, 或以if, unless等引導的條件狀語從句中, 通常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。
I’ll ring you as soon as he comes back. (as soon as, when, after一般現(xiàn)在時表將來時) You’ll succeed if you try you best. (一般現(xiàn)在時表將來時)
二、現(xiàn)在進行時
現(xiàn)在進行時表示說話時正在進行的動作, 也表示目前一段時間內正在進行崐的活動。表示后一種情況時, 動作不一定正在進行。
They are putting up the scaffolding.(說話時正在進行的動作)
Steve is studying Chinese in Beijing. (目前一段時間內正在進行的活動)
[提示]
1. 并非所有動詞都有進行時, 有些表示狀態(tài)和感覺的動詞通常無進行時, 除非這類動詞的詞義發(fā)生變化。這類動詞有:be, love, like, hate, believe, think, feel, seem等。 Do you see anyone over there? (表示狀態(tài)和感覺的動詞通常無進行時)
Are you seeing someone off? (詞義發(fā)生變化)
2. 現(xiàn)在進行時也可表示將來的動作: 它指按人們的計劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動作或指即將開始的動作。
I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow. (表示將來的動作)
Imagine I’m seeing the Mona Lisa. (表示將來的動作)
3. 現(xiàn)在進行時也可用來給習慣性動作加上贊賞或討厭等感情色彩。
She is always cooking some delicious food for her family. (感情色彩)
He is always finding fault with his employees. (感情色彩)
三、現(xiàn)在完成時
現(xiàn)在完成時表示目前已完成的動作或剛剛完成的動作, 也可表示從過去某一刻發(fā)生, 現(xiàn)仍延續(xù)著的動作或情況。此時態(tài)強調動作對現(xiàn)在的影響。
The conference has lasted for five days. (已完成的動作)
He’s just bought an nuusual taxi. (剛剛完成的動作)
What did she say about it?
I have lived in Nanjing for 15 years. (對現(xiàn)在有影響)
四、一般過去時
一般過去時表示過去某個特定時間發(fā)生且一下子就完成的動作, 也可表示過去習慣性的動作。一般過去時不強調動作對現(xiàn)在的影響, 只說明過去。
I had a word with Julia this morning. (一下子就完成的動作)
He smoked forty cigarettes a day until he gave up. (習慣性的動作)
[提示]
1. 一般過去時常與表示過去的時間狀語或從句連用, 如yesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when „等。
2.“used to+動詞原形”表示“過去常常”而現(xiàn)在已停止的習慣動作。
He used to work fourteen hours a day. (過去常常)
另外, 注意區(qū)別“used to”和“be used to”。后者意為“習慣于„”, to為介詞, 后跟名詞或動名詞。
She is used to hard work.
她習慣于艱苦工作。
五、過去進行時
過去進行時表示過去某時正在發(fā)生的動作, 也可表示過去某段時間內正在發(fā)生或反復發(fā)生的動作。
Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me his experiences as a young man. (過去正在發(fā)生)
Bill was coughing all night long. (過去反復發(fā)生)
六、過去完成時
過去成時表示過去某時之前已完成的動作或狀況。在時間上, 它屬于“過去的過去”。在句中常有明顯的參照動作或有表示“到過去某時為止”的時間崐狀語。
By the end of the war, the small workshop had become a large factory.
They found that a stream had formed in the field.
七、一般將來時
一般將來時表示某個將來時間會發(fā)生的動作或情況, 也可表示將來反復發(fā)生的動作或習慣性的動作。
He will take part in an important race across the Atlantic. (將來發(fā)生)
The students will have five English classes per week this term. (將來反復)
[提示]
be going to, be to, be about to等也可表示將來發(fā)生的動作, 但它們常常表示打算、計劃、安排和即將要發(fā)生的動作。will表示說話人認為、相信、希望或假定要發(fā)生的動作或情況。
八、將來進行時
將來時間時表示將來某時正在發(fā)生或持續(xù)的動作。其構成: will+be+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。 I’ll be reading this time tomorrow. (將來正在進行)
Most of the young people in the town will be meeting them at the station.(持續(xù))
九、將來完成時
將來完成時表示將來某時前已完成的動作, 它與可用來表示推測。
They will have stayed here for five months next week. (將來完成)
By the end of next month, they will have studied twenty passages. (推測)
十、現(xiàn)在完成進行時
現(xiàn)在完成時間時表示從過去某時開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作。此動作或情況可能已停止, 也可能繼續(xù)下經也可表示剛結束的動作。
I’ve been working for IBM for 15 years.
I’ve been waiting for an hour but she still hasn’t come.
[提示]
現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時的區(qū)別是: 前者一般表示已結束的動作或情況, 它強調對現(xiàn)在的影響。后者一般表示仍在進行或剛剛還在進行的動作或情況, 它強調動作的延續(xù)性。 I have thought it over.
我已經考慮過這件事了。
I have been thinking it over.
我一直在考慮這件事。
Be carful! Peter have been painting the car.
mba英語語法練習題
注意!彼得剛才還在給這部車上油漆。(油漆尚未干)。
Exercies 1 Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences:
1. Even if it _________ this afternoon, I will go there.
A. has rained C. rains B. will rain D. will have rained
2. _________ last year and is now earning his living as an advertising agent.
A. He would heave school C. He had left school B. He left school D. He has left school
3. We _________ each other for ten years. A. had known C. have been knowing B. have known D. know 4. They fulfilled the plan earlier than they _________ . A. have expected B. expected C. were expecting D. had expected
5. "Will she finish the work soon?" "Yes, she _________ by next Friday."
A. shall finish B. finish C. rains D. will have finished
6. It _________ almost every day so far this month.
A. is raining B. rained C. rains D. has been raining
7. My wife _________ .
A. has forever criticized me B. forever criticizes me C. was forever criticizing me D. is forever criticizing me
8. He _________ in a small workshop, but now he is the head of a big business company.
A. used to working B. was used to work C. used to work D. was used to working
9. My grandmother _________ rural life.
A. has used to B. used to C. is used to D. uses to
10. I _________ my breakfast when the morning post came.
A. has B. had been having C. was having D. have been having
11. I’m glad that Peter decided to come to the party because we _________ him for several years.
A. haven’t seen B. don’t see C. didn’t see D. hadn’t seen
12. The conference _________ a full week by the time it ends.
A. has lasted B. lasts C. will have lasted D. is lasted
13. The computer, working very fast, _________ data at the speed of light.
A. has handled B. handled C. handling D. handles 14. The sun _________ in the east and _________ in the wast. A. rise, set B. rises, sets C. rose, set D. is rising, is setting 15. Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkings _________ his experience as a young man.
A. was telling B. told C. tell D. is telling
mba英語語法：語態(tài)
被動語態(tài)常用于下列幾種情況:
一、動作的執(zhí)行者無需指出或不明確時
Printing was introduced into Europe from China.
Rome was not built in a day.
二、為了強調動作的承受者
Four people were killed and thirty-one injured in the bomb attack.
Susan was singled out for praise yesterday.
三、為了修辭的需要
He started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door. Yesterdayu he visited our university and was welcomed by the President.
[提示]
1. 除及物動詞外, 一些相當于及物動詞的短語動詞也可作用被動態(tài)形式, 除個別情況外, 短語動詞一般不拆開使用。
This matter will be dealt with as soon as possible.(短語)
2. 不及物動詞(或相當于一個不及物動詞的短語動詞)和表示狀態(tài)的動詞(或短語動詞)無被動態(tài)形式, 如happen, rise, occur, take place, break out等; 以及l(fā)ack, fit, suit, equal, become, resemble, befall, consist of,look like等。
The story took place in 1949.
3. 將主動態(tài)形式改為被動態(tài)形式時如遇到動詞后跟雙賓語的情況, 我們只能將其中之一變成主語, 另一個保持不變。當直接賓語變成主語時, 保持在原位的間接賓語前需加介詞to。
I gave my hasband a tie as a birthday pressent.
→My hasband was given a tie as a birthday present.
→A tie was given to my husband as a birthday present.
Exercises 2 Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences:
1. The professor was knowledgeable and eloquent and ___B_______ with enthusiasm.
A. was always listened B. was always listened to
C. always was listened D. always listened to
2. He returned a week later and found his house ____D______ .
A. has broken into B. was broken into
C. to be broken into D. has been broken into
3. The United Kingdom _____C_____ Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
A. consisted of B. is consisted of
C. consists of D. consist
4. These oranges ______B____ nice. (smell feel taste主動形式可表被動)
A. are tasted B. taste
C. is tasted D. tastes
5. In 1950, she was the largest ship that ______D____ .
A. was ever built B. has ever built
C. has ever been built D. had ever been built
6. The house suddenly collapsed while it ____C______ down.
A. was pulled B. pulled
C. was being pulled D. had been pulled
7. "How do you like your new position?" "I ____B______ ."
A. don’t satisfy B. am not satisfied(狀態(tài))
C. can’t satisfy D. haven’t satisfied
8. The sixth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, ________D__ and perfected now.
A. developed B. will have been developed
C. have developed D. are being developed
9. There are more than fifty proposals ___B_______ at the conference.
A. discussed B. to be discussed
C. discussing D. having discussed
10. Though Newton was a great scientist, many of his ideas
________D__ today and are being modified by the work of today’s scientists.
A. are to challenge B. are challenging
C. may be challenged D. have been challenged
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