不定代詞在英語中的用法歸納
相信在英語的學(xué)習(xí)中，對(duì)各種語法的用法熟悉透是一個(gè)很大的難點(diǎn)，今天學(xué)習(xí)啦小編在這里為大家介紹不定代詞在英語中的用法歸納，歡迎大家閱讀!
不定代詞的種類
不定代詞指的是all, each, every, both, either, neither, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no,以及由some, any, no, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞。
不定代詞在英語中的用法歸納：little 和few 都可以作代詞和限定詞
little 用來指不可數(shù)的事物或修飾不可數(shù)的事物;而few 則用來指可數(shù)的事物(人)或修飾可數(shù)的事物(人)。
Many people read Marco Polo's book, but few believe what he said. 很多人讀過馬可波羅的書,但很少有人相信他所說的話。
Few pastimes bring a family closer together than gathering around and listening to mother or father read a good story. (孩子們)圍在一起聽父親或母親讀美麗的故事很少有別的娛樂活動(dòng)比這更能使家人們的心靈接近了。
little 和 few 表示說話人否定的意思,而a little 和a few 表示說話人肯定的意思,前者常常翻譯為“很少、幾乎沒有”,后者翻譯為“一些”。但不能得出結(jié)論說a little 或a few 就比little 或few 多。兩者不存在孰多孰少的比較,只是表示說話人的語氣不同。例如某人口袋里有10元錢,可以是 little, 也可以是a little。例:
It's impossible for me to buy a TV set now. I have little money left. 我現(xiàn)在不可能買一臺(tái)電視機(jī),我?guī)缀鯖]有錢了。
We can have a cup of tea with a little money in my pocket. 我們可以用口袋里僅有的一點(diǎn)錢喝杯茶。又例:
There is a little water left. You can drink it. 還有一點(diǎn)水,你可以把它喝了。
There is little water left. Would you please fetch some? 幾乎沒有水了,去打些水來好嗎?
A little 和a few都有“more than none (勝于無)”或 “more than expected (比期望的要多)”之意。
“Have we run out of eggs?” “No, there are a few left. ” “我們的雞蛋吃完了嗎?” “沒吃完,還有一些。”
“Is there any oil in the bottle?” “Yes, there's a little in it. ” “瓶子里還有油嗎?” “ 還有一些。”
至于a few, a little 所表示的絕對(duì)數(shù)量,其大小取決于說話人的觀點(diǎn)。Longman English Grammar (外語教學(xué)與研究出版社, P.187) 中舉了一個(gè)例子,從這個(gè)例子我們可以看到:a few, a little 實(shí)際上也可以表示很大的絕對(duì)數(shù)量。
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不定代詞在英語中的用法歸納
A.J. Thomson和A. V. Martinet 指出:“There is no difference in quantity between little and very little, few and very few. But the speaker who adds very wants to be more emphatic. ” (A Practical English Grammar Third Edition, P.29) 也就是說, little 和very little, few 和very few 所表示的數(shù)量沒有區(qū)別,用very 時(shí)表示說話者更強(qiáng)調(diào)而已。
至于quite a few, some few, a good few, 在語氣上是肯定的,即言其多的。例:
“How many postcards have you received?” “ Quite a few. ” “你收到多少明信片?” “相當(dāng)多。”
不定代詞在英語中的用法歸納：作限定詞，直接用在名詞的前面
some students 一些學(xué)生
many books 許多書
each boy 每個(gè)男孩
大部分不定代詞還可以用于“of + 名詞”結(jié)構(gòu),注意這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞必須有限定詞修飾。例:
some of the students (不能說:* some of students)
many of the books (不能說:*many of books)
each of the boys (不能說 *each of boys)